Deep Utopia

Starred review from July 1, 2024
Bostrom conducts a philosophical inquiry into what gives life meaning. The author (Superintelligence, 2014) here examines what he calls "the problem of utopia: the problem we will face after we have solved all the other problems." He refers to this post-problem "deep utopia" as a "kind of philosophical particle accelerator" that, though clearly hypothetical (as he puts it, "We appear in no imminent danger of running out of woe"), is useful in examining what gives life meaning. Bostrom breaks down a number of different kinds of meaning life might obtain if all obstacles to fulfillment were removed, ranging from pure hedonistic pleasure to "social entanglement"; generally, he's talking about the mixture of the practical and the personal that's typically defined as "purpose." "If someone proclaims X to be the meaning of their life," he writes, "we may reasonably take X to be some sort of declaration of what they're about, what they stand for, and what they are ultimately up to." The author examines various ideas of personal fulfillment against the backdrop of an "encompassing transcendental purpose," often including references to various schools of philosophy. The "decabillionaire's gigayacht" is discussed right alongside Nietzsche and Camus in a quest to understand what kinds of things might give life meaning in a world without problems--and, by extension, in a world currently full of problems. One might think that as those problems get smaller, the passion they generate would also decline, but Bostrom points out that this isn't always so: As he observes, more people cheer a soccer goal than cheer the eradication of a disease. Bostrom is a marvelously energetic prose stylist; it's uncanny how often he turns subjects like utilitarianism and Malthusian superabundance into genuinely thrilling reading. He vigorously explores the ramifications of the "age of abundance" he envisions that might supplant the "shallow redundancy" of current occupational labor: "Since it would eliminate both the need and the opportunity for paid work," he writes, "it would cause one source of purpose to dry up, namely the purpose that many people currently find in their jobs." Some of his authorial devices might come off as a bit twee (the ongoing Socratic dialogue between voices called Kelvin, Tessius, and Firafix, for instance, which runs throughout the book and grows tiresome after three pages), and some of his contentions will strike readers as debatable, to say the least. When he posits that a "maximally technologically capable" society would also be "very good," for instance, he might be taking optimism a bit far. But the bulk of the text is immensely accessible and thought-provoking. Through it all, Bostrom employs a wry understated humor that's often very quiet in its punchlines. "While technically doable," he writes in one of many such passages, "eliminating boredom feelings would incur an ethical cost by distancing us from the normative ideal that our attitudes should match reality." Tech fans will have much to consider here. A complex and stimulatingly provocative look at just how possible a fulfilling life might be.

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